The World Today for December 28, 2023

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Editor’s Note:

Dear Readers,

This holiday week we’re reprising some of our lead stories of the past year, ones that illustrate ongoing trends in their respective regions. DailyChatter reports on more than 150 countries every year in every region of the world, and we feel many of those stories deserve another look.

Today we take you to Asia, where the race for hearts, minds, and wallets has been heating up over the past few years, a consequence of the rivalry between the United States and China. This race often plays out on the small islands of the South Pacific, for example, the Solomon Islands, which in 2022, became the first country in the region to sign a security pact with China, which included authorization for Chinese naval ships to make port visits and for Chinese security services to train the island nation’s law enforcement services – the latter in response to domestic unrest.

On behalf of the DailyChatter team, we wish you and your loved ones a joyous holiday season.

NEED TO KNOW

A Playing Field

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

The world is wooing Papua New Guinea, a poor country to the north of Australia that shares an island with Indonesia.

As the Economist wrote, French President Emmanuel Macron, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Indonesian President Joko Widodo, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken, and US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin have visited the capital of Port Moresby over the past year for meetings with James Marape, the country’s prime minister.

These events were intended, without question, to counter China’s growing influence in the region, the Associated Press reported. Austin, for example, visited to cement closer security ties at a time when many fear that China might take a page from Russia’s geopolitical playbook and seek to invade its own neighbor, Taiwan.

Papua New Guinea is one of many examples of this tension. While visiting the region, Macron, for instance, issued grim warnings about predatory behavior by big powers that he pledged to help counter. He didn’t mention China by name, but it was clear whom he was talking about, according to Reuters.

“There is in the Indo-Pacific, especially in Oceania, new imperialism appearing and a power logic which is threatening the sovereignty of many states, the smallest and often the most fragile ones,” he said in Vanuatu. “The modern world is shaking up the Indo-Pacific’s sovereignty and independence. First, because of the predation of big powers … foreign ships fish illegally here. In the region, many loans with Leonine conditions strangle up development.”

Macron’s remarks were ironic. A growing minority of residents of the French territory of New Caledonia in the South Pacific would like to secede from the mother country. Analysts told Radio France Internationale that China would certainly dominate New Caledonia if it became independent.

China has also been extending its influence in the region through two means. First, the country has been converting disputed islands in the South China Sea into airstrips, the Messenger wrote. Such moves have triggered a race to establish military bases, supply routes, and other logistical points for potential conflicts, the Brookings Institution argued.

Second, China has also been financing major infrastructure projects throughout the Pacific. These projects help China’s export-oriented economy, but also create debtor nations that owe China. A Chinese bank, for example, is Vanuatu’s biggest lender. During a visit to Tonga, Blinken called this financial support “predatory,” according to Al Jazeera.

The US, furthermore, is late to the party. After the end of the Cold War – when the West countered Soviet diplomacy in the Pacific – the Americans closed many of their embassies in the region, the Washington Post reported.

This neglect has had consequences. Leaders in the Solomon Islands have signed defense and security agreements with China despite the objections of politicians in Washington, DC.

It’s a race for hearts, minds, and wallets.

THIS STORY HAS BEEN UPDATED

THE WORLD, BRIEFLY

We’ll be back next week with the latest from around the world.

DISCOVERIES

CatGPT

Cats are mysterious beings. It is hard for their owners and veterinarians alike to decipher their emotions, hindering a crucial understanding of their well-being.

Now, however, help is on the way.

That’s because even though cats can fool humans, they cannot fool artificial intelligence as easily, Scientific American reported.

In a new study, a group of AI researchers and doctors developed two algorithms to establish whether a cat undergoing treatment was experiencing pain, by analyzing their facial expressions.

When being treated, cats, which are very secretive, often express pain only when it has built up so much that they cannot hide it anymore. Veterinarians, though, want to be aware of their pain early on.

So researchers, to decipher the cat’s expressions, fed the machines photographs of cats of different breeds and ages.

One of the two algorithms that was trained by the researchers to look for characteristic signs of muscle contraction, showed a 77 percent accuracy rate. It also provided an unexpected result: instead of looking at a cat’s ears or eyes, it showed it was better to focus on a cat’s mouth when trying to decipher its feelings.

The scientists concluded that AI could help note key details the human naked eye cannot.

Nonetheless, the machine only does so much as it analyzes what a cat is doing with its facial muscles, not what the cat is feeling. The researchers added that more data and human insights could improve the algorithm.

Still, researchers say the study could help improve pet care, with a knock-on effect: “When you improve the welfare of pets, you improve the welfare of people,” Stephane Bleuer, a veterinary behaviorist in Tel Aviv, who was not involved in the study, told Scientific American. “It’s like a family.”